The Tiwa community, also known as Lalung, is an indigenous tribe of Assam with a rich cultural heritage and distinct traditions. Their main habitat is located in the foothills and plains of central Assam, particularly in the districts of Morigaon, Nagaon, and Kamrup, as well as parts of Meghalaya.
Traditionally, the Tiwa people are divided into two groups:
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Hill Tiwas – Residing mainly in the Western Karbi Anglong and Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya, they maintain close ties to the forest and practice shifting cultivation.
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Plains Tiwas – Found in Morigaon, Nagaon, and Kamrup districts, they are largely settled agriculturists who cultivate rice, vegetables, and cash crops.
The Tiwa settlements are often situated near rivers, fertile plains, and forested hills, which not only support their agricultural lifestyle but also influence their food habits, festivals, and folklore. Festivals like Wanshua and Langkhon are deeply connected to their seasonal cycles and the natural environment in which they live.
The geographical habitat of the Tiwa community is a blend of hill ecology and fertile river plains, making it unique among the tribal cultures of Northeast India. Their location has helped preserve their language, traditional attire, and vibrant customs, while also allowing cultural exchange with neighboring tribes and Assamese society.
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