MAJULI DISTRICT OF ASSAM

Majuli District, Assam – World’s Largest River Island: History, Culture, Economy & Travel Guide

Majuli District, located in the heart of Assam, is known worldwide as the largest inhabited river island on Earth. Formed by the mighty Brahmaputra River in the south and the Subansiri River in the north, Majuli is not just a geographical wonder but also the spiritual and cultural capital of Assam. In 2016, Majuli achieved the historic distinction of becoming India’s first island district, carved out of the northern part of Jorhat.

The district headquarters of Majuli is situated at Garamur, PIN Code 785104, and the STD code for telecommunication is 03775. The district covers an area of around 880 square kilometers, surrounded by vast stretches of fertile land, wetlands, and river channels. According to the 2011 Census of India, Majuli has a population of 1,67,304, comprising 85,550 males and 81,754 females, with a sex ratio of 955 females per 1000 males and a density of 201 persons per sq. km. The official website of the district administration is https://majuli.assam.gov.in.

The island is home to diverse ethnic communities such as Assamese, Mising, Deori, and Sonowal Kachari, all living harmoniously and preserving their unique traditions. The main religion practiced is Hinduism, primarily influenced by Neo-Vaishnavism, a reformist spiritual movement led by the great saint Srimanta Sankardeva in the 15th–16th century. The island is dotted with more than twenty Satras or Vaishnavite monasteries such as Auniati, Kamalabari, Dakhinpat, Garamur, and Bengenaati, which continue to preserve Assamese art, dance, drama, and literature.

Agriculture forms the backbone of Majuli’s economy, with paddy cultivation being the dominant occupation. Over 100 traditional varieties of rice are grown here without the use of chemical fertilizers or pesticides. Other important activities include handloom weaving, fishing, pottery, and boat-making. The women of Majuli are skilled weavers who produce exquisite handwoven Muga and Eri silk fabrics, reflecting their artistic heritage. Markets like Garamur Bazaar, Kamalabari Market, and Jengraimukh Market serve as the island’s commercial centers, offering a glimpse of traditional Assamese life.

In terms of administration, Majuli District has one subdivision — Majuli Subdivision. It has three main police stations located at Garamur, Kamalabari, and Jengraimukh to ensure safety and law enforcement. The district also has several healthcare facilities, including the Majuli Civil Hospital, Kamalabari Community Health Centre, and Jengraimukh CHC that cater to the local population. The legislative constituency of Majuli is reserved for Scheduled Tribes (ST) and is represented in the Assam Legislative Assembly by Bhuban Gam of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Majuli also falls under the Jorhat Parliamentary Constituency, currently represented by Gaurav Gogoi of the Indian National Congress.

Although Majuli does not have a railway station of its own, the nearest railhead is Jorhat Town (JTTN), about 20 km away from Nimatighat, the ferry terminal connecting Majuli to the mainland. The nearest airports are Jorhat Airport (Rowriah), about 40 km from Nimatighat, and Lilabari Airport in North Lakhimpur, about 70 km away. Regular ferry services operate from Nimatighat (Jorhat) between 7:00 AM and 3:30 PM, taking around an hour to reach Majuli. Tourists can also reach the island from Lakhimpur District via Dhakuakhana. For emergencies, important contact numbers include Police Control Room (100 / 03775-272222) and Civil Hospital Garamur (03775-272315).

Majuli’s natural beauty is a treat for the eyes — a vast green island surrounded by river waters and rich wetlands that attract numerous migratory birds during winter. Rare species such as the Greater Adjutant Stork, Pelican, Siberian Crane, and Whistling Teal can be spotted here, making it a paradise for birdwatchers and ecotourists. The climate is tropical monsoon with hot summers and heavy rainfall, while winters (October to March) remain cool and pleasant — the best time to visit.

The island is also famous for its colorful festivals, particularly the Raas Mahotsav, which enacts episodes from Lord Krishna’s life and draws thousands of devotees. Other vibrant celebrations include Ali-Aye-Ligang, Paal Naam, Bhaona, and Poraag Utsav, each showcasing the rich cultural diversity of the island’s people. Despite erosion challenges caused by the Brahmaputra, Majuli continues to thrive as a living museum of Assam’s culture, spirituality, and natural beauty.

With its blend of religion, art, ecology, and tradition, Majuli is not just a destination but a way of life. Its serene environment, warm hospitality, and historical importance make it one of the most enchanting places to visit in Assam. Whether one is a nature lover, a pilgrim, or a cultural explorer, Majuli District offers a timeless experience of peace, purity, and cultural harmony unmatched anywhere else in India.

Majuli Quick Info Table 

FAQs on Majuli

1. Why is Majuli famous?
Majuli is famous as the world’s largest river island and the cultural center of Neo-Vaishnavism founded by Srimanta Sankardeva.

2. When did Majuli become a district?
Majuli became India’s first island district on 8 September 2016 after being separated from Jorhat District.

3. What is the headquarters of Majuli District?
The district headquarters of Majuli is located at Garamur.

4. What is the total area of Majuli?
Majuli covers a total area of approximately 880 square kilometers.

5. How can I reach Majuli from Guwahati?
Travel to Jorhat by road, rail, or air, then take a ferry from Nimatighat to reach Majuli in about an hour.

6. What languages are spoken in Majuli?
The major languages spoken are Assamese, Mising, Deori, and a bit of Bengali and Hindi.

7. What is the population of Majuli District?
As per the 2011 census, Majuli has a population of around 1.67 lakh.

8. What are the major festivals celebrated in Majuli?
Raas Mahotsav, Ali-Aye-Ligang, Paal Naam, Bhaona, and Poraag Utsav are the most prominent festivals celebrated here.

9. What are the famous Satras of Majuli?
Auniati, Kamalabari, Garamur, Dakhinpat, and Bengenaati Satras are among the most famous ones.

10. What is the best time to visit Majuli?
The best time to visit Majuli is from October to March when the weather is pleasant and festivals are celebrated.