Apsc Cce (main) 2023 Paper-4 General Studies 3 – Complete Questions And Answers For Assam Public Service Commission Exam

1) Describe briefly the salient features of the scheme Mukhya Mantri Nijut Maina (MMNM)' launched by the Government of Assam to eliminate child marriages. (150 words) 10 Marks

The Mukhya Mantri Nijut Maina (MMNM) scheme, launched by the Assam government, aims to eliminate child marriages and promote the education and empowerment of girls. It focuses on prevention, awareness, and rehabilitation. Salient features include providing financial incentives to families to delay marriage until the legal age, supporting education for adolescent girls, and community outreach to sensitize parents and guardians. The scheme involves coordination with local panchayats, schools, and women’s groups to monitor early marriage practices. Legal awareness programs inform citizens about penalties for violating child marriage laws. Additionally, MMNM includes rehabilitation support for rescued girls, such as scholarships, vocational training, and healthcare access. By combining financial, educational, and social interventions, MMNM seeks to reduce the prevalence of child marriages in Assam, promote gender equality, and improve social outcomes, aligning with national efforts to safeguard children’s rights under the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006.

2) A major paradigm shift in flood management in Assam has been planned with the proposed Innovative Integration of Wetlands with River Brahmaputra for Floodwater Diversion. (150 words) 10 Marks

The Innovative Integration of Wetlands with River Brahmaputra project is designed to reduce flood risks in Assam by using natural wetlands for controlled floodwater diversion. The scheme, budgeted at ₹200 crores, proposes linking wetlands with river channels to act as storage and overflow zones during peak monsoons. This reduces water velocity, minimizes embankment breaches, and protects settlements downstream. The wetlands also enhance biodiversity, recharge groundwater, and act as natural sediment filters. Feasibility depends on detailed hydrological modeling, land acquisition coordination, and community involvement for sustainable maintenance. Challenges include urban encroachment, wetland degradation, and climate variability, which may affect floodwater absorption capacity. If effectively implemented, the project offers a cost-efficient, ecological alternative to conventional embankments, aligning with Assam’s strategy of combining engineering solutions with ecosystem-based approaches to flood management.

3) "Indian Railways is the lifeline of the Indian economy." Discuss in context of three railway corridors announced in the Union Interim Budget, 2024. (150 words) 10 Marks

Indian Railways is pivotal to the national economy, ensuring freight and passenger movement across urban and rural areas. The Union Interim Budget 2024 announced three strategic railway corridors: the Eastern Freight Corridor, the Western Freight Corridor, and the North-East Connectivity Corridor. These corridors aim to improve goods transportation efficiency, reduce logistics costs, and enhance regional trade integration. The North-East Corridor, in particular, boosts connectivity for Assam and neighboring states, aiding economic growth and accessibility. Railways stimulate industrial development, create jobs, and support agriculture by connecting production centers to markets. Improved corridors also facilitate tourism and reduce environmental impact compared to road transport. Thus, Indian Railways remains a backbone for India’s economic growth, while the new corridors represent modernization, speed, and integration essential for long-term development.

4) Comment on the benefits and challenges of digital economy in India. (150 words) 10 Marks

5) Discuss the significance of the PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana in reference to rural economy and climate mitigation. (150 words) 10 Marks

6) Explain the relationship among government procurement operations, minimum support prices (MSPs), and the creation of buffer stocks in the context of Assam. (150 words) 10 Marks

7) "Disasters affect girls and women in different ways than they affect boys and men." Do you agree? (150 words) 10 Marks

8) Discuss the preparedness and mitigation measures that should be adopted for reducing the impact of earthquakes in Assam. (150 words) 10 Marks

9) What is the digital twin concept? How does it help an organization to arrive at better decisions? Discuss the Sangam: Digital Twin initiative of the Government of India. (150 words) 10 Marks

10) Do you think that the Green Credit Programme can be used to circumvent existing laws particularly those that deal with forest conservation? (150 words) 10 Marks

11) India's first indigenous semiconductor assembly and test facility at Jagiroad shall put Assam on the world semiconductor map and transform the economic landscape of East India. (250 words) 15 Marks

12) What are Nifty and Sensex? Comment on the growing popularity of mutual fund investment in India. (250 words) 15 Marks

13) The Government of Assam has initiated the process of constructing bridges over Brahmaputra at several places. Mention the places and discuss the probable benefits and strategic importance of these bridges. (250 words) 15 Marks

The Government of Assam has undertaken an ambitious initiative to construct multiple bridges across the Brahmaputra River, aiming to enhance connectivity, economic development, and strategic security in the region. Key projects include the Dhola-Sadiya Bridge (also known as the Bhupen Hazarika Setu), Bogibeel Bridge, bridges near Majuli Island, and other locations across districts like Jorhat, Dibrugarh, and North Lakhimpur. These bridges are designed to connect the northern and southern banks of the river, reducing travel time significantly and improving accessibility to remote areas that were traditionally dependent on ferries and long detours.

The probable benefits of these bridges are multi-dimensional. Economically, they facilitate the seamless transport of goods, agricultural produce, and industrial products, promoting trade and investment. They also encourage tourism, especially in cultural and ecological hotspots like Majuli and Sivasagar. Socially, the bridges provide easier access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities for rural populations. Strategically, some of these bridges, such as Bogibeel, hold military importance by enabling rapid troop and logistics movement in sensitive border regions, especially along the India-China border.

Moreover, these infrastructural projects contribute to regional integration, strengthen the overall transportation network, and enhance disaster management capabilities by providing alternate routes during floods. In conclusion, the construction of multiple bridges over the Brahmaputra represents a transformative step for Assam, offering economic growth, social inclusion, and strategic resilience, while fostering connectivity in one of India’s most challenging riverine terrains.

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14) Which is the implementing authority of the Project Cheetah in India and which are the collaborating partners? What are the ecological objectives of the project? Give your opinion on the implementation of the project so far. (250 words) 15 Marks

Project Cheetah in India is implemented by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) under the supervision of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC). International collaboration includes partnerships with countries like Namibia and South Africa, which provided expertise and the translocation of cheetahs to Indian habitats. The project aims to reintroduce cheetahs, which became extinct in India in the 1950s, restoring ecological balance and biodiversity.

The ecological objectives include restoring the predator-prey balance, enhancing grassland ecosystems, and promoting genetic diversity in large carnivore populations. By reintroducing cheetahs, Project Cheetah seeks to strengthen wildlife corridors, reduce human-wildlife conflicts, and boost conservation awareness among local communities. The presence of cheetahs also supports eco-tourism, providing socio-economic benefits.

So far, the project has witnessed successful translocation of cheetahs to Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh, along with habitat management and local community engagement programs. Challenges include ensuring adequate prey populations, preventing poaching, and monitoring health and adaptation of the relocated cheetahs. While initial results are encouraging, long-term success requires continuous scientific monitoring, ecosystem management, and community participation. Overall, Project Cheetah represents a pioneering wildlife conservation initiative, combining global expertise and local action to restore India’s lost biodiversity.

15) Explain the causal links between environmental degradation and vulnerability to disasters. Suggest four steps that can be taken to minimize environmental degradation. (250 words)

Environmental degradation—deforestation, soil erosion, pollution, and wetland loss—directly increases vulnerability to disasters. Forest loss reduces natural buffers against floods and landslides, while soil erosion exacerbates landslide risks in hilly regions. Wetland destruction diminishes natural water storage, worsening urban and riverine flooding. Climate change, largely driven by anthropogenic environmental degradation, intensifies extreme weather events like cyclones, droughts, and heatwaves. Human settlements in degraded landscapes are more exposed to hazards, and resource scarcity increases social vulnerability.

To minimize environmental degradation and reduce disaster vulnerability, four key steps can be implemented:

1. Afforestation and reforestation: Planting native trees restores ecosystems, prevents soil erosion, and improves carbon sequestration.

2. Sustainable agriculture and land-use practices: Crop rotation, organic farming, and soil conservation techniques reduce land degradation.

3. Pollution control and waste management: Regulating industrial emissions, promoting clean energy, and proper waste disposal protects air, water, and soil quality.

4. Wetland and waterbody conservation: Protecting and restoring wetlands enhances natural flood regulation, groundwater recharge, and biodiversity support.

Combining these measures with community participation, environmental education, and policy enforcement strengthens resilience. By proactively managing ecosystems, societies can mitigate disaster impacts while promoting sustainable development and climate adaptation.

16) Describe, in detail, the Uttar Purva Transformative Industrialization Scheme (UNNATI), 2024. How will it enhance industrial development and job creation in North-East India? (250 words) 15 Marks

The Uttar Purva Transformative Industrialization Scheme (UNNATI), 2024 is a flagship initiative by the Government of India aimed at accelerating industrial development in North-East India. UNNATI focuses on establishing industrial clusters, promoting MSMEs, and encouraging investment in sectors such as electronics, agro-processing, textiles, renewable energy, and tourism-linked manufacturing. The scheme provides financial incentives, infrastructure support, skill development programs, and streamlined regulatory approvals to facilitate business growth in the region.

UNNATI’s design emphasizes regional integration, leveraging North-East India’s proximity to Southeast Asian markets. By promoting industrial corridors, the scheme connects production hubs with transportation networks, ensuring market accessibility. Skill development initiatives under UNNATI train local youth in industrial trades, enhancing employability and entrepreneurship opportunities. Special attention is given to environmentally sustainable industrial practices, ensuring that economic growth does not compromise ecological integrity.

The scheme is expected to create thousands of direct and indirect jobs, reduce migration, and increase household incomes. MSMEs supported under UNNATI can catalyze inclusive development, integrating rural populations into the industrial economy. Overall, UNNATI represents a transformative approach, combining investment promotion, skill development, and infrastructure expansion to position North-East India as a competitive, industrially vibrant region. The scheme has the potential to unlock economic opportunities, strengthen regional connectivity, and improve socio-economic standards across Assam and neighboring states.

17) What is traditional knowledge? Suggest ways to use it for sustainable use of forest and biodiversity. (250 words)

Traditional knowledge (TK) refers to the cumulative wisdom, practices, and innovations developed by indigenous and local communities over generations, particularly regarding natural resources, agriculture, and biodiversity. It encompasses sustainable farming methods, medicinal plant use, forest management, and ecological conservation practices that maintain harmony with the environment.

To use traditional knowledge for sustainable forest and biodiversity management, several approaches can be adopted:

1. Documentation and preservation: Recording community practices, oral histories, and indigenous techniques ensures they are preserved for future generations.

2. Integration with modern science: Combining TK with contemporary ecological and technological approaches enhances forest management, agroforestry, and conservation planning.

3. Community-based resource management: Empowering local communities to manage forests, wetlands, and protected areas ensures sustainable use while preserving biodiversity.

4. Promotion of eco-friendly products: Encouraging local production of herbal medicines, handicrafts, and organic crops based on TK supports sustainable livelihoods while reducing pressure on forests.

5. Education and awareness: Integrating TK into school curricula and training programs fosters environmental stewardship.

By valuing and institutionalizing traditional knowledge, forests and biodiversity can be conserved sustainably, benefiting both local communities and broader ecological systems. TK offers time-tested solutions to environmental challenges, making it a critical tool for achieving sustainable development goals, climate resilience, and ecological balance.

18) "Seventy-hour work week may offer a temporary burst of productivity, but at the expense of employees' well-being, long-term output and overall social happiness." Critically examine the statement. (250 words) 15 Marks

A 70-hour workweek may boost short-term productivity, especially during peak projects or critical deadlines. It reflects dedication, urgency, and commitment in professional environments. However, research and organizational experience indicate that prolonged work hours often reduce efficiency over time. Extended workweeks increase fatigue, stress, and burnout, negatively impacting cognitive performance, creativity, and decision-making. Chronic overwork can lead to physical health issues such as cardiovascular diseases, sleep disorders, and mental health problems.

From a social perspective, excessive work hours disrupt family life, reduce community engagement, and affect overall happiness, leading to social imbalances. Employers may face higher attrition rates, absenteeism, and lower morale, undermining long-term productivity gains. Economically, the temporary output may be offset by increased healthcare costs, compensation claims, and recruitment expenses.

Sustainable productivity requires work-life balance, flexible work schedules, and periodic rest. Evidence from countries like Germany and Japan shows that moderate work hours combined with employee well-being programs yield higher long-term output and innovation. In conclusion, while 70-hour workweeks can be a tactical short-term strategy, they are counterproductive in the long term. A balanced, human-centric approach ensures sustained organizational performance and social welfare.

19) Not all animals migrate by choice is a campaign against what activity? Suggest innovative steps to make the campaign a success. (250 words) 15 Marks

The campaign “Not all animals migrate by choice” targets the issue of human-induced wildlife displacement, particularly caused by habitat destruction, urbanization, industrial projects, poaching, and infrastructure development. Many animals are forced to migrate due to loss of forests, water bodies, or migratory corridors, leading to conflicts with humans, mortality, and ecological imbalance. The campaign seeks to raise awareness about ethical wildlife management and the importance of conserving natural habitats.

Innovative steps to make the campaign successful include:

1. Use of technology: GPS tracking, drones, and camera traps can monitor migration routes and detect threats to wildlife.

2. Community involvement: Local populations can act as guardians of corridors, reporting illegal activities and participating in eco-tourism initiatives.

3. Habitat restoration: Reforestation, wetland rejuvenation, and creation of safe migration corridors help animals move freely.

4. Educational campaigns: Schools, media, and social platforms can raise awareness about human-wildlife coexistence.

5. Policy and enforcement: Strengthening legal frameworks, strict enforcement against habitat destruction, and incentivizing conservation efforts.

By combining awareness, technology, and policy, the campaign can protect vulnerable species, reduce human-wildlife conflicts, and preserve biodiversity, highlighting that wildlife migration is often necessitated, not voluntary.

20) "India has emerged as a Vishwa Mitra (global friend), a Vishwa Guru (global teacher) and a Vishwa Vaidya (global physician)." Examine the statement in the light of the development made by India in recent years. (250 words) 15 Marks

India’s emergence as a Vishwa Mitra (global friend), Vishwa Guru (global teacher), and Vishwa Vaidya (global physician) reflects its growing influence and contribution on the global stage in recent years. As a Vishwa Mitra, India has strengthened diplomatic ties, extended humanitarian aid, and actively participated in peacekeeping and development initiatives. Through programs like the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) and assistance during natural disasters abroad, India has demonstrated solidarity with other nations, fostering trust and international cooperation.

As a Vishwa Guru, India promotes knowledge-sharing in education, science, and culture. Initiatives such as scholarships for foreign students, collaboration with international universities, and dissemination of ancient Indian wisdom in fields like mathematics, philosophy, and Ayurveda highlight India’s role as a global teacher. India’s leadership in technology, space exploration, and innovation further enhances its educational and scientific mentorship internationally.

In the role of Vishwa Vaidya, India has become a provider of healthcare solutions globally. Its pharmaceutical industry, including vaccine production, played a vital role during the COVID-19 pandemic by supplying affordable vaccines to developing countries. India also promotes traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda and Yoga, contributing to global wellness and preventive healthcare.

Collectively, these roles underscore India’s commitment to global peace, knowledge dissemination, and human well-being. Through strategic diplomacy, educational outreach, and healthcare initiatives, India has not only strengthened its international reputation but also demonstrated that its development priorities align with global welfare, thereby fulfilling the ideals of Vishwa Mitra, Vishwa Guru, and Vishwa Vaidya.