The Assam Province was officially created in 1874 during British colonial rule in India. Before this, Assam was a part of the Bengal Presidency. In 1874, the British separated Assam from Bengal and established it as the Chief Commissioner’s Province of Assam with its capital at Shillong.
The creation of Assam Province marked a turning point in the history of Northeast India. It included the Brahmaputra Valley, the Sylhet district (later joined to East Bengal, now Bangladesh), and several hill districts. Over time, Assam Province underwent many administrative changes, especially after India’s independence in 1947, when new states such as Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram were carved out from its territory.
Thus, the formation of Assam Province in 1874 laid the foundation for the modern political and administrative identity of Assam and the wider northeastern region of India.