The Phulaguri Revolt, also known as the Phulaguri Dhowa, was a historic peasant uprising that took place in 1861 in Phulaguri, near Nagaon in central Assam. It was one of the first organized protests by farmers in Assam against the oppressive policies of British colonial rule.
The revolt was sparked by the British government's decision to impose taxes on betel nut and paan leaves, which were essential livelihood items for local farmers. Additionally, unfair land revenue policies and increasing economic hardship led to widespread resentment among the rural population.
On October 18, 1861, when thousands of farmers gathered in Phulaguri to protest peacefully, tensions escalated, and a violent clash occurred between the protesters and British police. A British officer, Captain Singer, was killed in the scuffle. In retaliation, the British forces cracked down on the villagers, arrested several leaders, and tried to suppress the movement.
Though the revolt was eventually crushed, the Phulaguri uprising is remembered as the first peasant-led resistance in Assam against colonial exploitation. It paved the way for future movements like the Patharughat revolt (1894) and the broader Indian independence struggle in the Northeast.
Every year, the bravery of the farmers of Phulaguri is commemorated in Assam as a symbol of resistance, unity, and the fight for justice.
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