Between 1979 and 1985, Assam witnessed a massive people’s movement known as the Assam Agitation, protesting against the large-scale illegal immigration from Bangladesh (then East Pakistan and later Bangladesh). Locals feared a threat to their identity, culture, language, and rights.
What Was the Assam Accord?
The Assam Accord was a peace agreement that marked the end of the 6-year-long agitation and laid down the framework for:
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Detection and deportation of illegal migrants
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Protection of Assamese identity, heritage, and culture
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Economic development and infrastructure support for the state
Key Provisions of the Assam Accord:
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All foreigners who came to Assam after March 25, 1971, would be detected and deported.
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Foreigners who entered between 1966 and 1971 would be identified and allowed to stay but denied voting rights for 10 years.
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Those who entered before 1966 would be granted citizenship.
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Constitutional, legislative, and administrative safeguards would be provided to protect Assamese culture and language.
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Assam would be given priority in economic development and employment opportunities.
Why Is It Historic?
The Assam Accord is considered historic because it brought peace to a volatile situation, acknowledged the identity crisis faced by indigenous Assamese people, and laid the foundation for policy changes related to immigration and regional autonomy.
Conclusion:
The Assam Accord of 1985 was more than just an agreement—it was a turning point in the socio-political history of Assam. It aimed to protect the rights of the native population while balancing national integrity. Though its full implementation remains a challenge, it continues to shape Assam’s political discourse today.