Sri Gopaldev - The Literary Saint Of The Bhakti Movement

Sri Gopaldev - The Literary Saint Of The Bhakti Movement

Sri Gopaldev, also known respectfully as Gopal Ata, was a prominent Vaishnavite saint, spiritual leader, and writer from Assam. He was one of the key disciples of Srimanta Sankardev, the founder of the Neo-Vaishnavite movement in Assam, and played a major role in propagating Ekasarana Dharma during the 16th century.

Early Life and Education

Sri Gopaldev was born in 1540 at Nazira in Sivasagar district of Assam to father Kameswar and mother Bajrangi. Their family later shifted to Bhabanipur in Kamrup. He did his early education there under a Brahmin scholar. Gopaldev had a son Kamaleswardev and daughter Padmapriya. Padmapriya was said to be the first female Assamese poet belonging to the 16th century.  From a young age, he showed exceptional interest in spiritual learning, scriptures, and the teachings of Sanatan Dharma. His deep curiosity and intellect led him to become a close follower of Srimanta Sankardev. 

Association with Srimanta Sankardev

Under the spiritual guidance of Sankardev, Gopaldev became a devoted preacher of Vaishnavism. He imbibed the values of bhakti (devotion), equality, and moral discipline, which were central to the movement. Gopaldev was instrumental in spreading these ideals across Upper Assam, especially among rural and tribal communities.

Founding of the Kal Sanghati

Sri Gopaldev is credited with establishing the Kal Sanghati, one of the four major Sanghatis (sub-sects) of the Ekasarana Dharma. Unlike other sub-sects, the Kal Sanghati did not emphasize idol worship and had more liberal entry rules for people of all castes and communities. This made his branch more inclusive and accessible.

Literary Contributions

Sri Gopaldev was also a pioneer of Assamese literature and drama. He wrote several Ankiya Nats (one-act plays) and devotional songs, which were performed during religious gatherings. His works were not only spiritually rich but also linguistically influential, helping shape the growth of the Assamese language during the medieval period.

Some of his notable works include:

  • “Janmajatra”

  • “Uddhabjan”

  • Various devotional compositions and kirtans

Legacy and Influence

  • Gopaldev’s Sattra at Bhabanipur (Barpeta district) continues to serve as a center of Vaishnavite faith and learning.

  • His teachings promoted social equality, spiritual devotion, and vernacular literary expression.

  • The Kal Sanghati remains a vital part of the Neo-Vaishnavite tradition in Assam.

Gopaldev Tithi :

The birth anniversary of Gopaldev is celebrated in Namghars and Sattras of Assam as Tithi of Gopaldev. The tithi (astrological date) of Sri Gopal Dev in Assam is on May 2nd, 2025. It is observed as a restricted holiday in Assam. The Government of Assam declares this day as holiday in every year on this occasion. 

Conclusion

Sri Gopaldev of Assam was more than just a saint; he was a reformer, a teacher, and a literary visionary. His contributions to religion, culture, and Assamese literature continue to inspire generations. As a key architect of the Bhakti movement in Assam, Gopaldev’s legacy lives on in the hearts of devotees and scholars alike.