Rajanikanta Bordoloi - Upanyash Samrat Of Assam

Rajanikanta Bordoloi (1867–1939) was one of the most influential figures in the early phase of modern Assamese literature. Widely recognized as the first major novelist in the Assamese language, he introduced historical fiction to Assamese readers and played a significant role in shaping the cultural identity of Assam through his writings. Rajanikanta Bordoloi is also known as Walter Scott of Assam and Upanyash Samrat" (the King of Novels).

Born during a period of colonial rule, Bordoloi’s literary works reflected a deep sense of nationalism, cultural pride, and moral values. His novels and essays are revered not only for their literary merit but also for their role in awakening social and historical consciousness among the Assamese people.

Early Life and Education

Rajanikanta Bordoloi was born on November 24, 1867, in the Nagaon district of Assam. He received his education in Kolkata (then Calcutta), where he was influenced by the Indian Renaissance and the growing literary movements of the time.

His academic background and exposure to English education, combined with his passion for Assamese heritage, enabled him to blend Western literary techniques with native storytelling traditions.

Rajanikanta Bordoloi's Contributions to Assamese Literature

Rajanikanta Bordoloi is best known for his historical novels, which brought to life Assam’s glorious past and legendary heroes. His writing style was rich in narrative structure, character development, and moral undertones.

His most notable works include:

• "Manomati" (1900) – A landmark in Assamese historical fiction based on the Ahom kingdom

• "Miri Jiyori" (1894) – A social novel that beautifully depicted the customs and emotions of the Mising tribe

• "Danduwa Droh" – Based on historical rebellion

• "Rangili" – Focused on contemporary Assamese society

These works not only entertained readers but also educated them about Assam's history, folklore, and diverse cultures.

Role in Journalism and Social Reform

Apart from fiction, Rajanikanta Bordoloi was a committed journalist and essayist. He used his pen as a tool for social awareness, contributing regularly to newspapers and journals. He was associated with publications such as "Assam News" and played a crucial role in promoting the Assamese language and script during a time of linguistic suppression.

He was also involved in various educational and cultural organizations and advocated for the upliftment of Assamese society through progressive thought and literature.

Legacy and Recognition

Rajanikanta Bordoloi’s immense contributions earned him the title of "Sahityarathi" (Charioteer of Literature) in Assam. He laid the foundation for modern Assamese prose and inspired generations of writers. His Pen name was Upanyash Samrat (king of novel).

He passed away in 1939, but his works continue to be read, analyzed, and celebrated for their timeless value.

Conclusion

Rajanikanta Bordoloi was not just a novelist—he was a visionary who believed in the power of literature to build identity, awaken consciousness, and preserve history. His pioneering efforts in historical fiction and journalism helped shape the Assamese literary tradition as we know it today.

For anyone interested in the literary and cultural heritage of Assam, Rajanikanta Bordoloi’s legacy remains an essential chapter.