Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi

Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi (6 June 1890 – 5 August 1950) was a prominent Indian freedom fighter, social reformer, and the first Chief Minister of Assam. Known for his dedication to democratic principles and unwavering service to the people of Assam, he played a critical role in preserving the regions cultural and territorial integrity during and after Indias independence.

Early Life and Education

Gopinath Bordoloi was born in Raha, Assam, to Budheswar Bordoloi, a junior officer in the government’s medical service, and Praneswari Devi, who passed away when Gopinath was only 12. After his mother's death, he was raised by his elder sister, Shashikala Devi. He belonged to the Daivajna Brahmin community with roots in Uttar Pradesh. In 1910, he married Surabala Devi of North Guwahati.

He completed his matriculation in 1907 and joined Cotton College, Guwahati. He passed his Intermediate (I.A.) in 1909 with first division and moved to Scottish Church College, Calcutta, where he graduated in 1911. He completed his M.A. in 1914 from Calcutta University and pursued law studies for three years but returned to Assam before completing it. On the request of Tarun Ram Phukan, he became Headmaster of Sonaram High School. He later completed his law exam and began practicing law in 1917.

Entry into Politics and Role in Indian Freedom Movement

Bordoloi’s political career began in 1922 when he joined the newly formed Assam Pradesh Congress Committee, a branch of the Indian National Congress. He actively participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement and was jailed for one year for his involvement. Following the suspension of the movement after the Chauri Chaura incident, he returned to his legal practice.

Between 1930 and 1933, he stepped away from politics and focused on public welfare, serving in the Guwahati Municipal Board and Local Board. During this period, he strongly advocated for a separate High Court and University for Assam.

Saving Assam During Partition

One of his greatest contributions came during the partition of India, when he strongly opposed Assam's inclusion into East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). Alongside Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, he played a key role in ensuring Assam remained a part of India. His tireless efforts safeguarded the state’s Hindu-majority population and prevented large-scale communal violence.

Post-independence, he worked to repatriate refugees from East Pakistan and strengthened the region’s internal security and cultural identity. His vision laid the groundwork for a stable, democratic Assam, protecting it from ideological invasions and external aggression, particularly from Communist China and East Pakistan.

Personal Traits and Cultural Contributions

Despite holding powerful positions, Gopinath Bordoloi remained humble, simple, and spiritual. Known for wearing Khadi, he was deeply influenced by the Bhagavad Gita and was also a gifted Vaishnava devotional singer. His dignified yet down-to-earth personality earned him the title "Lokapriya" (Loved by All) from Governor Jayram Das Doulatram.

Honors and Recognition

• Bharat Ratna (Posthumously awarded in 1999) – India’s highest civilian honor

• The Guwahati International Airport is named "Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport" in his memory

• Commemorated annually as a hero of Assam and a builder of modern India

 Legacy

Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi is remembered as a guardian of Assamese identity, a champion of democracy, and a visionary leader whose actions continue to resonate in modern India. His efforts during partition and his contributions to state-building mark him as one of the most respected leaders in Indian political history